BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Studies in acute cerebral ischemia have shown that reductions in cerebral blood flow of up to 50% do not lead to infarction or alterations in neuronal electric activity. Little is known about the effects of chronic reductions in cerebral blood flow. The purpose of this study was to evaluate neuronal electrophysiological function in brain that had been subjected to a chron...

Fructus mume (F. mume) has been used as a medicinal food in Japan and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects in inflammatory bowel disease and macrophage-mediated inflammation. We investigated the effects of F. mume extracts on cognitive dysfunction in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was ...

In the current investigation, the status of the septo-hippocampal cholinergic pathway and hippocampal mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was examined in male Wistar rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, which showed cognitive deficits based on assessment on a version of the Morris water maze. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was induced by bilateral common artery occlusion and ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can lead to ischemic white matter injury resulting in vascular dementia. To characterize white matter injury in vascular dementia, we investigated disintegration of diverse white matter components using a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. METHODS Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was modeled in Wistar rats by permanent occlusion of...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebrovascular white matter (WM) lesions contribute to cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction in the elderly. A disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is believed to be a critical early event leading to these WM lesions. Previous studies have suggested the involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in BBB disruptions and the upregulation of MMP-2 after ch...

Cerebral vasculature plays a key role in controlling brain homeostasis. Cerebral vasculature dysfunction, associated to irregularities in cerebral blood perfusion, has been proposed to directly contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. More precisely, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, which impairs brain homeostasis, was demonstrated to take place even before cognitive decline. However...

BACKGROUND/AIMS An enriched environment (EE) ameliorates learning and memory impairments induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway exerts both beneficial and deleterious effects on the nervous system during the progression of ischemia. METHODS The present study investigated whether p38 MAPK participates in the process ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An animal model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was developed with coiled clips applied to both carotid arteries of adult Mongolian gerbils for between 1 week and 2 months. In the brain of this animal model, rarefaction of white matter with dilatation of the ventricles was frequently observed. To better understand the mechanism of white matter alteration under cerebral ...

INTRODUCTION It is hypothesized that cerebral hypoperfusion promotes the development of Alzheimer pathology. We therefore studied whether longstanding cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with Alzheimer pathology in nondemented humans. METHODS Cerebral blood flow and amyloid β (18F-Flutemetamol) positron emission tomography retention were assessed in eleven patients with unilateral occlusion ...